Top 10 House Painters in Jonestown, TX

Porch Pro Headshot 21st Century Painting & Roofing LLC
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(709)
21st Century Austin has served the painting and roofing needs of homeowners and business clients in the Greater Austin area since 1996. We are a locally owned, family-operating company specializing in roofing installations, and exterior and interior painting. 21st Century Austin takes great pride in...Read more about 21st Century Painting & Roofing LLC
21st Century Austin has served the painting and roofing needs of homeowners and business clients in the Greater Austin area since 1996. We are a locally owned, family-operating company specializing in roofing installations, and exterior and interior painting. 21st Century Austin takes great pride in...Read more about 21st Century Painting & Roofing LLC
Porch Pro Headshot Stellar Maintenance
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(144)
Stellar Maintenance, is Austin’s premier handyman service. We are an established company with over 13 years of experience built on a solid reputation. Our trust is well-earned through a stellar portfolio, and we guarantee to provide the best experience for you and your home.
Stellar Maintenance, is Austin’s premier handyman service. We are an established company with over 13 years of experience built on a solid reputation. Our trust is well-earned through a stellar portfolio, and we guarantee to provide the best experience for you and your home.
Porch Pro Headshot Five Star Painting of Cedar Park-Leander
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(146)
Enjoy Reliability, experience and the highest quality at a fair price with ProTect Painters of NW Austin TX. Bonded, insured and EPA lead certified, we are so proud of our quality that we stand behind it with a two year workmanship warranty. Hands-on owner, Philip Renka, is your constant point of co...Read more about Five Star Painting of Cedar Park-Leander
Enjoy Reliability, experience and the highest quality at a fair price with ProTect Painters of NW Austin TX. Bonded, insured and EPA lead certified, we are so proud of our quality that we stand behind it with a two year workmanship warranty. Hands-on owner, Philip Renka, is your constant point of co...Read more about Five Star Painting of Cedar Park-Leander
Porch Pro Headshot Private Ryan Painting
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
Pvt. Ryan guarantees exceptional quality painting by people you can trust. The best part is consistently exceeding expectations. While the transformation of a room is always exciting, doing it right and surprising people with our integrity is the most fulfilling.
Pvt. Ryan guarantees exceptional quality painting by people you can trust. The best part is consistently exceeding expectations. While the transformation of a room is always exciting, doing it right and surprising people with our integrity is the most fulfilling.
Porch Pro Headshot Kahlo Construction Inc
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(35)
Kahlo Construction Inc. Formerly known as J&L Concrete and Roofing, provides remodeling services for residential properties such as paint, repairs, electricity, plumping, remodels, kitchen and bathroom remodels, flooring, roofing, repairs, concrete, additions, cover patios and many more services fo...Read more about Kahlo Construction Inc
Kahlo Construction Inc. Formerly known as J&L Concrete and Roofing, provides remodeling services for residential properties such as paint, repairs, electricity, plumping, remodels, kitchen and bathroom remodels, flooring, roofing, repairs, concrete, additions, cover patios and many more services fo...Read more about Kahlo Construction Inc
Porch Pro Headshot A RIVER RUN RENOVATIONS
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(22)
A River Run Renovations is a family owned and family ran custom home building and renovating company. Here at River Run we pride ourselves in serving some of the best customers on the planet here in Hill Country. We have been blessed to be giving the opportunity to be a part of some of the most beau...Read more about A RIVER RUN RENOVATIONS
A River Run Renovations is a family owned and family ran custom home building and renovating company. Here at River Run we pride ourselves in serving some of the best customers on the planet here in Hill Country. We have been blessed to be giving the opportunity to be a part of some of the most beau...Read more about A RIVER RUN RENOVATIONS
Porch Pro Headshot RARC Luxury
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(8)
"Another contractor came and told me he'll paint for $10,000 and I was referred to Manukea by a friend who had work done last year. He came out and pressure wash and provided paint and went above and beyond what he was paid for. This contractor deserves to be used by everyone and I recommend him and...Read more about RARC Luxury
"Another contractor came and told me he'll paint for $10,000 and I was referred to Manukea by a friend who had work done last year. He came out and pressure wash and provided paint and went above and beyond what he was paid for. This contractor deserves to be used by everyone and I recommend him and...Read more about RARC Luxury
Porch Pro Headshot Pedro's Handyman Service & Repair
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(17)
"I cannot say enough good things about Pedro Carrion from Pedro the Handy Man. We had a 120 sq. foot job in Pflugerville where we needed to have some carpet removed and tile installed. Initially we contracted with another company who flaked out after 3 weeks of delays in starting. In hindsight ...Read more about Pedro's Handyman Service & Repair
"I cannot say enough good things about Pedro Carrion from Pedro the Handy Man. We had a 120 sq. foot job in Pflugerville where we needed to have some carpet removed and tile installed. Initially we contracted with another company who flaked out after 3 weeks of delays in starting. In hindsight ...Read more about Pedro's Handyman Service & Repair
Porch Pro Headshot Nohas Painting
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(8)
We are a small family business, I work with my wife and older son we paint residencial houses and kitchen cabinets. We have 7 years of experience working by ourselves we love to Paint but we love most happy Clients.
We are a small family business, I work with my wife and older son we paint residencial houses and kitchen cabinets. We have 7 years of experience working by ourselves we love to Paint but we love most happy Clients.
Porch Pro Headshot Vega Universal LLC
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(4)
"I had Daniel come and do a wood flooring job for me, and he did a phenomenal job. My floors look amazing, and he did it for a great price too. Such a knowledgeable young man, I really appreciate all of his help. I will be recommending him to anyone I know who needs work done. <3 <3 "
"I had Daniel come and do a wood flooring job for me, and he did a phenomenal job. My floors look amazing, and he did it for a great price too. Such a knowledgeable young man, I really appreciate all of his help. I will be recommending him to anyone I know who needs work done. <3 <3 "

Frequently asked questions about house painters

There is nothing like a fresh coat of paint in a new home. You can transform rooms with a change of color, and fresh paint breathes new life into an older home. Costs for painting homes vary. It depends on the rate of labor and on the type of paint you use. Most of the cost comes from the size of the home. The more square footage you need painted, the more expensive the job will be.

The average cost for painter services in a home is estimated at $3,500. On the low side, you can expect to pay $1,200 and $6,500 on the high side. These estimates assume you have a one-story home with around 1,000 square feet of wall to paint. More stories will mean higher costs.

The price is usually divided up into materials and labor. Labor tends to make up 85% of a job, but this can vary depending on the contractor. Most contractors charge between $2 - $6 / square foot. This calculates interior painting jobs with two coats of paint. For more specific paint jobs, such as doors or cabinets, you can expect to be charged $50 - $100 / door or drawer face.

Some contractors have different models of payment, which you may discover when looking up “painting companies near me” or “house painters near me.” You can be charged per room, which averages around $800 - $1,200 for a bedroom, and as high as $3,000 for a living room or similar large space. Some painters may choose to bill hourly, which can range from $20 - $50 / hour for basic painting, and $100 / hour or higher for specialty painting. A skilled painter should be able to cover between 150 – 350 square feet/hour but don’t forget to factor in prep time, clean up, and both coats of paint needed.

The cost of painting a home's exterior is far more variable, depending on your siding. Some sidings (like stucco) can cost up to $3,000 / 1,000 square feet, and that cost can rise if there are multiple stories. Weather can also play a major factor, which is why local painters are in high demand during the summer months. Vinyl siding expands and contracts depending on weather, so you’ll want a latex-based paint that is durable to these changes. For wood siding, latex is always a good option for allowing wood to breathe. Beware acrylic or oil-based paints, as these can create moisture stains. If you have stucco siding, you can go with latex, but it’s not your best option if the walls are damaged. Elastomeric paint will cover those imperfections while still being breathable. This paint is thick and time-consuming to apply. If you have brick siding, you’ll want a porous stain or paint so water doesn’t get trapped inside.

Siding is the biggest factor to cost, as prep and materials needed to do the job correctly can raise the price. Brick and stucco are the most expensive, while metal, wood, vinyl, and concrete tend to be on the lower end. Extra stories mean extra work for the painter, as safety measures and ladders need to be implemented. Painting a second or third story of a home takes longer than painting a single story based on logistics. It’s not just the walls, either. You may want to paint the garage, the shutters, the eaves and downspouts, and the siding and trim.

Your brand of paint can alter costs, as well as the cost of your finish. Flat paint tends to be the cheapest, but is also the least durable. Mid-range finishes, including eggshell and satin, can be good choices, depending on what you’re looking for. Semi-gloss finish will showcase imperfections and dents but is also resistant to cleaning. High-gloss is the most expensive type of finish and is recommended for small areas, such as trim, windows, and doors. While it is possible to DIY your home’s exterior, a professional comes with all the needed materials and is knowledgeable about what will work best and how to stay safe on the job. They are worth serious consideration.

Yes, you can paint vinyl siding. Years ago, this answer was no because paint continued to slide off the siding. We’ve come a long way since then. The best paint for vinyl is latex urethane paint, as it can cope with the constant contracting and expanding of the siding. Many paint companies create paint specifically designed for siding.

Painting vinyl is similar to painting other exteriors. You’ll want to coat it with primer (something designed for vinyl) and use a brush for the tricky spots. Otherwise, you can use a roller and cover a lot of ground. Once you have the primer, add the topcoat. Vinyl has one more caveat that you should be aware of. Dark colors tend to trap a lot of heat. Most vinyl paints will be light colors as a result, so it reflects heat rather than absorbs it. Weather can be a factor in painting vinyl, and the best weather is overcast, comfortable conditions. Sun, humidity, direct heat, and wind are not your friends when it comes to painting vinyl. You’ll want to ensure that painting your siding doesn’t void its warranty before you begin.

As with any painting, you’ll want to ensure you clean the area thoroughly first. For vinyl, a pressure washer is the best choice. You’ll want to find a recipe that tackles mold and mildew or buy a TSP solution. Mold and mildew tend to get between the paint and the siding, so it’s imperative you deal with them before you paint.

The quick answer is 350 – 400 square feet. This is generally true of wall, ceiling, and trim paint. Primer tends to go less, giving you 250 square feet on average. If you’re painting a dark room with a light color, you may need more primer coats, so keep that in mind. Be aware that fresh drywall is extremely porous and may absorb more paint than expected. Most drywall tends to arrive pre-primed, but be ready if it isn’t. If you have a textured wall (think popcorn ceilings, for example), you should use 20% more paint. If you need to paint 100 square feet of ceiling, it’s recommended you buy enough paint to cover 120 square feet to make up for the texture. You can stretch your paint with the correct tools. A nine-inch roller usually gives the best results for a coat of paint. For textured walls, consider a 1/2-inch nap over a 3/8-inch nap.

Let’s dive into the math. You know how much paint you need per square foot, but how do you calculate that square footage? First, measure the height of every wall, and add it together. Then, do the same for the length of each wall. Multiply those two numbers together, and you have the square footage. If you divide that number by 400 (how much a gallon of paint should cover), you know how many gallons you need to buy. This works for trim and doors as well. Multiply the total lengths and widths together, and divide it by 400. It’s never a bad idea to round up or ensure you have extra paint left over. You may need it for touch-ups or if a specific section requires more paint than you anticipated. It’s better to have too much than too little and have the hardware store mix you more paint. What if the color is off by even a slight bit? That’s a frustration you can easily avoid.

No, you can’t use exterior paint inside. Exterior paint is designed to hold up against weather extremes and, as such, contains more VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds). These compounds were not designed for enclosed spaces; they can smell funky and release toxins that might make you or your pets sick. Exterior paint doesn’t settle in a short amount of time. In cold weather, exterior paint could continually release those toxins for a month or more. In warmer weather, this timeframe may be reduced to weeks. The process of releasing these toxins is called curing. Most professionals will wear masks when painting outside for this reason.

Exterior paint is softer by nature. It needs to be able to breathe and contract or expand with the home. It doesn’t stand up as well to the wear and tear that interior paint deals with on a daily basis. While all paint contains mildewcides and fungicides, the ingredients in exterior and interior paint are very different. The VOCs are needed in both paints to hold the pigment in. If you use exterior paint on indoor surfaces, ventilation is your first concern. This becomes a greater concern when spraying paint instead of rolling it, as spraying it makes it airborne that much quicker.

VOCs can cause lightheadedness, headaches, nausea, irritated eyes and throat, and respiratory issues. This can be an even greater hazard for those with compromised immune systems. Exterior and interior paints are vastly different, so you shouldn’t combine them. It compromises the quality of both paints. Plus, exterior paint isn’t designed to look good inside. Both varieties of paint are highly specialized, and you’ll likely regret using them where they are not intended.

The average cost to paint a 12x12 room is $650, with $400 being on the low end and $900 on the high end. Several factors can change these costs or cause them to rise. If you need drywall or plaster repaired before the job, that will cost time and effort. The higher your walls rise, the more time or paint it might take to finish the job. If you want to use designer paints, you may spend more on the materials. Your cost will also change based on the finish you choose.

Square footage is the most important consideration when factoring the price of a room. A large room, such as a living room, will cost more than a small bedroom or bathroom. Kitchens tend to cost the most since the painting is specific. They require far more attention to detail when you consider backsplashes, cabinets, and trims. Textured walls can add to that cost since it eats up more materials. Different types of paint can change the cost as well. On average, eggshell, satin, and flat are the cheapest paints. Matte, semi-gloss, latex, and oil are mid-range and all competitively priced. High-gloss paint is expensive and best used on small surfaces like trims.

You have the option to do the work yourself, of course. Be aware that it’s never as simple as splashing paint on the walls. You’ll need to purchase all the required materials, such as brushes, painter’s tape, rollers, trays, and plastic to prevent spillage. You’ll need to clean the walls and remove outlet covers and switch plates. Once that’s done, you can use painter’s tape on all the edges and then start. The big question you will need to ask yourself is whether you have the time. Painters are efficient, have all the tools, and do the job constantly. They will know immediately the best way to handle it.

Now that you know the scope of your project in terms of cost and effort, you can start dreaming in color.

Recent reviews for Jonestown Painters

170096

just no very good person ! he thinks is superman

- Jeremie García
184439

We hired them to paint the interior of our house. They responded quickly and were on time to the estimate. The costs were very reasonable for the size of the job. They kept their word and completely the job on the days scheduled. Size of the Job: Paint Ki...

- Zeb Schoen
158922

Oliver from Willis and Jones Construction is a very dependable and loyal person. He will show up when he says and will stay until a job is completed. I have used them on many projects. Great company to use for all kinds of projects... Give them a call tod...

- Jordan Barnhart
134120

Oliver Jones is a convicted criminal, convicted thief, and has zero background in any sort of structural carpentry. In his last porch profile, he listed pictures of my house, which he helped me work on. But he posted pictures AFTER he had built load beari...

- Cody Breit
192614

Oliver was referred by a friend, it has been the worst paint job, I have ever seen. Didn’t cover any of my furniture, splash paint all over, debris everywhere. Very unprofessional, washed his brushes on my neighbors yard. Run paint all over his driveway...

- Patricia Zarate
120097

Really appreciate Oliver for taking the time to understand the work needed to repair the under mount sink. He stopped by over the weekend and explained in detail on how he would proceed with the repairs and quoted a very reasonable price. He arrived on t...

- Praveen Manjeshwar
21855

I am the home owner that J&L built the concrete porch. I can't say enough wonderful things about this company. They are very customer oriented and truly care to do a great job. They communicated very well, their pricing was great, they are honest and c...

- Andra Goodman
39054

James is a PRO! Could not be happier with the work he has done for us. He is knowledgeable about his craft,and fair with the prices. We will use A to Z again, gladly.

- Candy Chick Nichols
372869

We hired Reyes Garcia to do a remodel at house. They proposed $10,000 for the bathroom and $7,000 to paint the entire house. We agreed to do this under 2-3 weeks. First, Reyes tried to charge us $5,000 for a demo which we told him it was way too expensive...

- Tara P
156990

Travis H. is the owner( Travis Hatt) not a past customer and he left this review. Jessika H. is his ex-wife and not a past customer. Check the BBB for reviews and the web. Do your home work.

- Patricia Jacobi-becker
150555

We started our deck renovation in June 2018. Now it is Nov. and the work is not completed and is not safe. We have spent $30, 000 and have a mess to show for it. Travis H. is the owner of River Run Renovations and has written a review for himself on this ...

- Patricia Jacobi-becker
153307

My deck project is listed on River Run Renovations" Becker Deck". I am a actual customer. Travis H. is not a customer he is the owner that left his own review. Jessika H. is not a customer she is the owner ex wife. My review will be taken down after I pos...

- Patricia Jacobi-becker

Everything You Need to Know About Jonestown House Painters

I have Painting Services work that I need done in Jonestown. What should my budget be?

Our data on recent painter projects in Jonestown shows that larger painting services projects in city are often upwards of $0.00. However, this price depends on a number of factors. Cost can increase or decrease based on any/all of the following:

  • Location: painters travel time may factor into the budget.
  • Cost of materials. This is an important factor of your painting services project budget. You can purchase materials yourself, but remember that your painter professional maybe be able to leverage relationships with other companies to save on material costs.
  • Company ratings: Highly-rated painters tend to be more expensive. Decide what balance between ratings and cost is right for you.

As always, every project is different and you should contact multiple painters throughout Jonestown to ensure your project is done right.

My Painting Services project in Jonestown is really small. How much should I expect to spend?

The lowest price we could find for painting services work in Jonestown is about $0.00. You should expect to pay at least this much depending on the scope of your project.

Painter work at this level can sometimes involve several steps or phases. Cost for every project will differ depending on the quality of Painter you hire, the type of materials required and the timeframe that you want to finish within.

How do I know I am getting a fair price for Painting Services work in Jonestown?

Every Painting Services job has different requirements. Remember that the price will differ depending on the scope of your project. However, that doesn't mean you have to go in blind. Check out our tips for getting a fair price for Jonestown work from Paintersbelow:

  • Talk to a few different Painters and ask for quotes to compare. We have around 50 professionals and companies in Jonestown for you to compare.
  • Before contacting a company, check out the ratings and reviews from previous customers to learn what others have paid, how long the Painters took on the job, and how satisfied they were.

All House Painters in Jonestown, TX

Porch Pro Headshot Pro 1 Services
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(7)
For your home remodeling and repair needs, contact Pro 1 Services of Leander, TX. We take pride in managing and completing each job with the highest level of excellence and quality. Our staff ensures that the job will be done right the first time around. From electrical and plumbing repair to kitche...Read more about Pro 1 Services
For your home remodeling and repair needs, contact Pro 1 Services of Leander, TX. We take pride in managing and completing each job with the highest level of excellence and quality. Our staff ensures that the job will be done right the first time around. From electrical and plumbing repair to kitche...Read more about Pro 1 Services
Porch Pro Headshot Tyler’s home remodeling
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(12)
We are a family company and we always work hard. We have many reference. It is a pleasure for us work for you and make beautiful houses and happy customer
We are a family company and we always work hard. We have many reference. It is a pleasure for us work for you and make beautiful houses and happy customer
Porch Pro Headshot Rocky Harrison painting
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(10)
Our goal at Rocky harrison painting is to do satisfactory work at a reasonable price. We always strive to leave a smile on the customer. For the best prices in the area and Free estimates give us a call today!
Our goal at Rocky harrison painting is to do satisfactory work at a reasonable price. We always strive to leave a smile on the customer. For the best prices in the area and Free estimates give us a call today!
Porch Pro Headshot Marek's Remodeling
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
Marek's Remodeling is a central Texas company who services the following locations: Leander, Cedar Park, Round Rock, Georgetown, Austin and the surrounding areas We take great pride in quality workmanship and pay close attention to detail. We do not believe in taking short-cuts and aren't afraid ...Read more about Marek's Remodeling
Marek's Remodeling is a central Texas company who services the following locations: Leander, Cedar Park, Round Rock, Georgetown, Austin and the surrounding areas We take great pride in quality workmanship and pay close attention to detail. We do not believe in taking short-cuts and aren't afraid ...Read more about Marek's Remodeling
Porch Pro Headshot CHOOSE 2 SHINE AUSTIN
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(10)
Reasonable and Quick Handyman...No nonsense accurate pricing...No nonsense accurate solutions!!
Reasonable and Quick Handyman...No nonsense accurate pricing...No nonsense accurate solutions!!
Porch Pro Headshot Sonny's Handyman Service
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(2)
We specialize in restoring home for customers, in a timely fashion
We specialize in restoring home for customers, in a timely fashion
Porch Pro Headshot Willis & Jones remodeling
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(5)
"I purchased a custom home in Spicewood. The home had everything I wanted with the exception of a Hand Rail leading to the front porch. Obadiah (Ollie) did an amazing job matching the builders theme with the same parameters of railing and the color of stain. Since then, he has done and outstanding...Read more about Willis & Jones remodeling
"I purchased a custom home in Spicewood. The home had everything I wanted with the exception of a Hand Rail leading to the front porch. Obadiah (Ollie) did an amazing job matching the builders theme with the same parameters of railing and the color of stain. Since then, he has done and outstanding...Read more about Willis & Jones remodeling
Porch Pro Headshot Garcia Jaimes Painting LLC
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(9)
Porch Pro Headshot A to Z lawn and Home Services
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
(1)
A to Z Lawn and Home Services specializes in residential lawn and home care. We can handle any project from handyman and lawn maintenance to full residential remodel. Contact us today to get a free estimate.
A to Z Lawn and Home Services specializes in residential lawn and home care. We can handle any project from handyman and lawn maintenance to full residential remodel. Contact us today to get a free estimate.
Porch Pro Headshot Sam’s  Floors & Remodeling
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
Commercial and Residential Flooring Sam's Floors has provided North & South Austin with exceptional residential and commercial flooring installation for over 20 years. We specialize in hardwood flooring, Vinyl Plank and Carpet. We have been a Family Owned & Operated we are Licensed, Insured, and Bo...Read more about Sam’s Floors & Remodeling
Commercial and Residential Flooring Sam's Floors has provided North & South Austin with exceptional residential and commercial flooring installation for over 20 years. We specialize in hardwood flooring, Vinyl Plank and Carpet. We have been a Family Owned & Operated we are Licensed, Insured, and Bo...Read more about Sam’s Floors & Remodeling
Porch Pro Headshot Renomads
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
We have the experience, personnel and resources to make your project run smoothly. We can ensure your job is completed with attention to detail and on time.
We have the experience, personnel and resources to make your project run smoothly. We can ensure your job is completed with attention to detail and on time.
Porch Pro Headshot Default Remodel Services, LLC
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
Maintaining homes in central Texas, we provide full service property service. Flooring, trash removal, painting, hvac, carpentry, fence, lawn maintenance.
Maintaining homes in central Texas, we provide full service property service. Flooring, trash removal, painting, hvac, carpentry, fence, lawn maintenance.
Porch Pro Headshot Cerna's Construction
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
Porch Pro Headshot King's Painting & Wallpaper
Painters
Serves Jonestown, Texas
I have been in the painting business 35+ years, both residential and commercial. I have experience hanging all types of wall covering including vinyl.
I have been in the painting business 35+ years, both residential and commercial. I have experience hanging all types of wall covering including vinyl.

Latest projects near Jonestown

Recent projects booked on Porch
Leander 78641
Drywall Repair
Comments from Customer
Dry wall patch work and texture
Leander 78641
Drywall Repair
Comments from Customer
Customer did not provide additional comments. Please contact the customer to discuss the details of this project.
Leander 78641
Trim Work
Start Date
Within a month
Install or repair
Installation
Location
Window, Door, Baseboards, Crown molding
Higher than 10ft
No
Already has materials
No, but I can get them
Leander 78641
Drywall Repair
Comments from Customer
I would like to get an estimate for drywall repair
Lago Vista 78645
Drywall Repair
Comments from Customer
Remodelling bath. New drywall up. Need someone to tape & float room. Need work done soon.
Leander 78641
Trim Work
Start Date
Within a week
Install or repair
Installation
Location
Crown molding
Higher than 10ft
No
Already has materials
Yes, I have the materials