Top 10 Plumbers in Manor, TX

Porch Pro Headshot Affordable Drain Cleaning & Plumbing
"It was truly a dream come true when we hired Jonathan he went above and beyond to repair our Electric Water Heater in our manufactured home. most companies will not attempt to do repairs or replacements in a manufactured home, but Jonathan got our water heater repaired and found other issues that h...Read more about Affordable Drain Cleaning & Plumbing
100% response rate
"It was truly a dream come true when we hired Jonathan he went above and beyond to repair our Electric Water Heater in our manufactured home. most companies will not attempt to do repairs or replacements in a manufactured home, but Jonathan got our water heater repaired and found other issues that h...Read more about Affordable Drain Cleaning & Plumbing
Porch Pro Headshot Excalibur Plumbing
Plumbers
Serves Manor, Texas
(2,837)
Excalibur Plumbing has been handling plumbing issues in Cedar Park, Round Rock, Phlugerville, Leander, Austin and the surrounding areas for more than 16 years. Their fully licensed team has handled virtually every kind of plumbing situation imaginable. From small concerns to major problems, you can ...Read more about Excalibur Plumbing
Excalibur Plumbing has been handling plumbing issues in Cedar Park, Round Rock, Phlugerville, Leander, Austin and the surrounding areas for more than 16 years. Their fully licensed team has handled virtually every kind of plumbing situation imaginable. From small concerns to major problems, you can ...Read more about Excalibur Plumbing
Porch Pro Headshot Reliant Plumbing
Plumbers
Serves Manor, Texas
(1,573)
The Austin plumbers at Reliant Plumbing offer fast, reliable services with a smile on their face. They are committed to providing comprehensive repair, replacement, and installation for your pipes, sewer, and drains. Their services include leak detection, sewer replacement, water heaters, camera ins...Read more about Reliant Plumbing
The Austin plumbers at Reliant Plumbing offer fast, reliable services with a smile on their face. They are committed to providing comprehensive repair, replacement, and installation for your pipes, sewer, and drains. Their services include leak detection, sewer replacement, water heaters, camera ins...Read more about Reliant Plumbing
Porch Pro Headshot Economy Plumbing Services
Plumbers
Serves Manor, Texas
(1,234)
Honest, dependable, fairly priced plumbing service. We do all things plumbing: fixture and faucet replacement and repair, new construction, and remodeling. We service residential and commercial properties. Experience, integrity, professional. Good plumbing is what you need; Economy Plumbing Serv...Read more about Economy Plumbing Services
Honest, dependable, fairly priced plumbing service. We do all things plumbing: fixture and faucet replacement and repair, new construction, and remodeling. We service residential and commercial properties. Experience, integrity, professional. Good plumbing is what you need; Economy Plumbing Serv...Read more about Economy Plumbing Services
Porch Pro Headshot Lantz's Lakeside Plumbing  LLC
Plumbers
Serves Manor, Texas
Welcome to Lantz's Lakeside Plumbing, where we offer all of your plumbing solutions! Whether you need small repairs at home or large-scale commercial improvements, we're here to help. Our skilled technicians can handle any job great or small. They've got the skills, expertise and tools to get your p...Read more about Lantz's Lakeside Plumbing LLC
Welcome to Lantz's Lakeside Plumbing, where we offer all of your plumbing solutions! Whether you need small repairs at home or large-scale commercial improvements, we're here to help. Our skilled technicians can handle any job great or small. They've got the skills, expertise and tools to get your p...Read more about Lantz's Lakeside Plumbing LLC
Porch Pro Headshot Austin Area Plumbing & Drain Cleaning
Plumbers
Serves Manor, Texas
(44)
"I had a new fill valve installed in my guest bathroom. The Plumber that came out to my Home was (Nick #1582). Nick was very Knowledgeable, Friendly & Professional. I will always reach out to Austin Area Plumbing & Drain Cleaning for my Plumbing Needs. Thank You, Nick!!"
"I had a new fill valve installed in my guest bathroom. The Plumber that came out to my Home was (Nick #1582). Nick was very Knowledgeable, Friendly & Professional. I will always reach out to Austin Area Plumbing & Drain Cleaning for my Plumbing Needs. Thank You, Nick!!"
Porch Pro Headshot A/V Solutions
Plumbers
Serves Manor, Texas
(51)
Here at A/V Solutions, customer satisfaction is our priority. Our proven process is customer focused and budget friendly. We can Design, Plan, and will consult with you to assess your needs and options. We provide Professional services for residential and commercial. *Call 512 318 3884* Services Ne...Read more about A/V Solutions
Here at A/V Solutions, customer satisfaction is our priority. Our proven process is customer focused and budget friendly. We can Design, Plan, and will consult with you to assess your needs and options. We provide Professional services for residential and commercial. *Call 512 318 3884* Services Ne...Read more about A/V Solutions
Porch Pro Headshot Team Flo-Right
Plumbers
Serves Manor, Texas
(24)
"These guys are professional! They came out the day we had an issue, got our issue cleaned up and plan to fix the issue. We set a time to finish the work and they showed up on time and got it done, good communication!"
"These guys are professional! They came out the day we had an issue, got our issue cleaned up and plan to fix the issue. We set a time to finish the work and they showed up on time and got it done, good communication!"
Porch Pro Headshot South By Plumbing
Plumbers
Serves Manor, Texas
(77)
Dedicated to excellent craftsmanship and customer service. At South By Plumbing we give the greatest craftsmanship at the lowest prices.
Dedicated to excellent craftsmanship and customer service. At South By Plumbing we give the greatest craftsmanship at the lowest prices.
Porch Pro Headshot Good Flow Plumbing
Plumbers
Serves Manor, Texas
(110)
Located in Austin, Good Flow Plumbing is a plumbing company that provides leak detection, septic tank services, and pipeline replacement as well as other services.
Located in Austin, Good Flow Plumbing is a plumbing company that provides leak detection, septic tank services, and pipeline replacement as well as other services.

Frequently asked questions about plumbers

Plumbing is a skilled trade that deals with installing or repairing systems and components that move liquids throughout a home or place of business.

Depending on the job, plumbers typically install, repair, or maintain various pipes and fittings, drainage systems, and fixtures. They work closely with general contractors, electricians, and other construction professionals during new home construction or home renovations. Plumbers must be able to follow building plans and blueprints, and they must be able to diagnose and fix a wide range of plumbing issues and emergencies. They also perform routine inspections of plumbing and drainage systems. Plumbing contractors also prepare bids and provide customer cost estimates while keeping an accurate record of the work performed and the materials used.

There may be several reasons that you need to contact a local plumber, including:

  • The installation of new faucets, showers, tubs, and toilets
  • Repairing a leaky toilet or leaking/burst pipes
  • Replacing cracked or clogged sewage pipes
  • Water heater repair or replacement
  • Upgrading old or existing plumbing pipes throughout the home
  • Installing appliances that use water like dishwashers and washing machines
  • Fixing faulty garbage disposals
  • Unclogging sinks or drains
  • Helping to assess and repair gas leaks

When looking for local plumbers, it’s always best to ask for an estimate from at least three companies. This will give you a better idea of how much you can expect to pay for the job. You can also ask friends and family members for referrals or go online to read customer reviews. If you’re dealing with an emergency, make sure that the plumbers near you offer these services and can assist you after hours.

There are several ways you can find a reliable, high-quality local plumber. Use Porch.com to find handyman services for over 1,100 different types of home projects, including plumbing. We’ll connect you with independent pros that can help you with any job, large or small.Here are some tips to help you find a reliable local plumber in your area:

Always read reviews of several plumbers before you make a decision. Most customers will happily post a review of their experience online, whether it’s positive or negative. Reading reviews is a great way to get a clear picture of the skills and abilities of plumbing contractors, their customer service, and how well the service matches the price.

Make sure that you get a clear, written estimate of the work before you hire a plumber. The estimate should include both material and labor costs. Remember that an estimate is just that – an estimated cost, and your total cost could be higher or lower depending on the outcome.

Ensure that your plumber is fully licensed for the job. Most states have specific licensing requirements for plumbers, so check to ensure that the plumber near you has a state-issued license and is current and up to date. Professional plumbers must typically also have between one to three years of experience as journeyman plumbers.

There are several red flags when searching for plumbers near you. Always avoid unlicensed and uninsured plumbing contractors. Plumbers who show up without tools or don’t have the right tools for the job is another red flag. If a plumber provides you with a quick estimate over the phone without physically looking at the issue, you may want to reconsider.

Most plumbers charge an hourly rate that ranges from as little as $45 to as much as $150 per hour or more. However, some plumbing companies may charge a flat rate depending on the job. If you pay a flat rate, you’ll have a better chance at negotiating the price than you will if you pay by labor hour. The average plumbing job costs between $125 to $450, including labor and materials. Many plumbing contractors have a minimum service fee of $50 to $200, regardless of what needs to be done. If you’re dealing with an emergency and need a plumber, prepare to pay two to three times more for jobs performed after hours, on weekends, or holidays. On average, most emergency plumbing rates are $125 to $170 per hour.

Of course, several factors may determine how much a plumber costs. Your area and the current demand for qualified, skilled plumbers are one factor. The cost of materials also plays a big role since certain items like copper piping or specialized components tend to cost more than standard parts. Simple repairs or minor jobs like cleaning a drain or unclogging a sink can cost $75 to $250. More complex jobs like fixing a sump pump or replacing pipes cost more, typically between $500 and $800.

To determine the price of a plumber, remember to:

  • Get your bid in writing, so you have an estimated cost on paper.
  • Find out how long the project will take to better understand the total hours required.
  • Ask how many people are needed for the job since it could affect your total cost.
  • Determine whether or not special parts or materials are needed since this may also make your final cost higher.

Maintaining your water heater is important to avoid costly repairs and damage to your home later. Leaking water heaters can wreak havoc on the structure of your home and make a massive mess. Overall, most tank-style electric water heaters should last between 8 to 12 years. Gas water heaters tend to have a shorter lifespan that is closer to 6 and 8 years. Tankless water heaters are a popular choice for many homeowners since there’s no additional holding tank to contend with. If you have a tankless water heater, these units typically last between 20 and 25 years, making them a wise long-term investment.

Whichever type of water heater you have, proper maintenance is important to extend its lifespan and keep your water running at a prime temperature. For gas and electric tank-style water heaters, make sure that you flush the tank regularly. This will prevent sediment buildup from forming inside the tank, which is a common cause of water heater issues. While you could flush the tank yourself, it’s best to look for a professional local plumber who can do the job and ensure it’s done right. You should also maintain the pump attached to your water heater and look for signs of distress, including loud noises, failure to heat water, or signs of rust in the water or on and around the pump and tank. Rust is a common sign that your water heater needs professional attention. It usually indicates a faulty or broken part and water leaking from around the unit or the pipes attached to it. Check the heater inlet valve frequently to ensure it’s not showing any signs of rust or corrosion. In most cases, serious rust or corrosion near the pressure release valve or other major parts signifies that your water heater may need to be replaced.

The cost of a new water heater varies depending on the type, the size (capacity), and the brand. Most electric tank-style water heaters cost the least (around $100-$200 less than gas), while tankless water heaters are usually the most expensive. Keep in mind that while a tankless water heater costs more upfront, it uses less water, so you’ll save money on water usage and your total energy usage in the long run.

You’ll need to determine which size tank you need for your new water heater if you choose a gas or electric tank-style model. A home with one to two people generally requires a 20-to-30-gallon tank. Households with three to four people should choose a tank that can hold between 30 to 50 gallons, and homes with five people or more will need a tank with a minimum of 50 gallons. Tankless water heaters measure water by flow ratings of between 2 and 6 gallons per minute, or GPM. Tankless water heaters with higher flow rates of 4-6 GPM are best for the average-sized household.

The average cost of a new water heater is approximately $1,200, including the new heater and the labor for installation. A gas or electric water heater costs between $650 to $2,100, including all materials and labor. On average, tankless water heaters cost more, with a total price of between $1,000 to $3,500. Tankless water heaters can be powered by electricity or gas, depending on which type of connection you have available.

Most plumbing contractors can install water heaters and charge their hourly rate in addition to the heater and other necessary materials.

Operating costs depend on the style you have. Electric water heaters cost about $36.50 per month, while gas costs less at about $18.70 per month. Tankless water heaters cost between 24-36 percent less to run overall, regardless of whether they’re gas or electric.

If you are not getting any hot water in your house, you may have an issue with the water heater. Always consult a local plumber if you’re concerned about your water heater, if it’s leaking, or if you notice any signs of rust or corrosion. There are several reasons your water heater might not produce hot water. Here are some common issues that homeowners may face:

If there is a gas leak in your home, your gas water heater may not work. Make sure you turn off all the gas shutoff valves immediately if you suspect you have a gas leak, then contact your local gas company for help.

Look for leaks if you have a gas or electric-powered water heater. Any signs of water leakage indicate that there’s a serious problem. Look for a plumbing contractor as soon as you see a leak so they can troubleshoot the issue and make any necessary repairs or replacements as required.

Sometimes, you may not have hot water in your home if the pilot light goes out on your gas water heater. Check to confirm that the pilot light is on; if not, light it and confirm that you’re getting hot water.

A loose connection or an issue with the wiring may cause a malfunctioning electric water heater, so check that all wiring is securely attached and that there is power going to the unit. Contact an electrician if the issue is too complex or unsafe for you to solve on your own.

A malfunctioning thermostat can affect tankless, electric, and gas water heaters. Confirm that the thermostat is in good working order to ensure that it’s not causing the lack of hot water in your home.

Mineral and sediment buildup can cause your tankless water heater to malfunction, especially if you have hard water or well water. Make sure you regularly change the filter to your tankless water heater to prevent buildup.

Recent reviews for Manor Plumbers

154262

Ryan showed up on time, and knew his stuff. Truly appreciate his hard work.

- Christy Mackey
429741

Jason and his partner were amazing- showed up with short notice on a weekend to clear an outflow clog that was on the verge of becoming a major emergency. Got everything fixed and cleaned up PDQ.

- Brandon Fagan
154271

Had a water heater go out New Year’s Eve and Ryan came out and took a peek at it , discovered it was just the pilot and got us up and going, strapping young whippersnapper

- Beatty Lawrence
135982

Avoid at all costs. I had a water emergency over a holiday weekend and Reliant was the only plumber available to come out on short notice. We had a leak in a main pressurized irrigation line (that we originally thought was the water main). The plumber...

- nick zapp
154263

Had a leak in the yard, Ryan came out and got it repaired in under a hour! Didn’t have to go without water while we had company over for long!! Thanks! Will use again

- Brandon Lugo
154274

Had a blockage in our toilet, Brooke set the appointment up and was pleasant to deal with and Ryan came out and got it unclogged!

- Carrie Rose
154265

Excellent service! Ryan was very polite and efficient.

- Candice Johnston
154273

Came out and fixed our garbage disposal on New Year’s Eve, thanks ryan

- Ivwy Moyers
153439

Excellent company to use! Ryan and Steve came out and got our gas line ran in no time! Great and friendly office staff as well!! Jeanne and Brooke are seriously wonderful!

- Carlos Hoy
176

Would recommend.

- Constance Norwood
1259

Would recommend.

- Bill Chatterjee
219

Would recommend.

- Carol Hearn

Everything You Need to Know About Manor Plumbers

I have Plumbing Services work that I need done in Manor. What should my budget be?

Our data on recent plumber projects in Manor shows that larger plumbing services projects in city are often upwards of $129.00. However, this price depends on a number of factors. Cost can increase or decrease based on any/all of the following:

  • Location: plumbers travel time may factor into the budget.
  • Cost of materials. This is an important factor of your plumbing services project budget. You can purchase materials yourself, but remember that your plumber professional maybe be able to leverage relationships with other companies to save on material costs.
  • Company ratings: Highly-rated plumbers tend to be more expensive. Decide what balance between ratings and cost is right for you.

As always, every project is different and you should contact multiple plumbers throughout Manor to ensure your project is done right.

How many plumbers does Manor have?

There are around 150 companies throughout Manor to help you with your next plumbing services job.

  • 24 of them have an A or A+ rating from Better Business Bureau.
  • The average price for a plumbers project is $129.00.

Who should I hire if I need Plumbing Services in Manor?

Right now there are about 150 companies in and around Manor ready to help you with your plumbing services project.

  • On average, plumbing services projects in Manor will cost you between $129.00 and $129.00. These costs are than the national average.

Below we've listed a few of the top Plumbers on Porch:

  • Austen Plumbing Company
    • Speedys Plumbing
      • Roger’s Plumbing Inc.

        All Plumbers in Manor, TX

        Porch Pro Headshot Custom Choice Remodeling
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        (2)
        We specialize in Residential Remodels and some Commercial Projects. Our professional trades and complete make overs to a small to huge project is just unbelievable . We normally work for Investor's trying to upgrade the value to the house and sell , or home owners that live in an luxury house tha...Read more about Custom Choice Remodeling
        We specialize in Residential Remodels and some Commercial Projects. Our professional trades and complete make overs to a small to huge project is just unbelievable . We normally work for Investor's trying to upgrade the value to the house and sell , or home owners that live in an luxury house tha...Read more about Custom Choice Remodeling
        Porch Pro Headshot Re-Bath of Austin
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        Welcome to Re-Bath of Austin! Re-Bath is not just a company or material; Re-Bath is an experience. Re-Bath is the greater Austin area's trusted source for high-quality, low-maintenance, lifetime-guaranteed bathroom remodeling. Bathrooms are all that we do, and we do it well. We offer many years of s...Read more about Re-Bath of Austin
        Welcome to Re-Bath of Austin! Re-Bath is not just a company or material; Re-Bath is an experience. Re-Bath is the greater Austin area's trusted source for high-quality, low-maintenance, lifetime-guaranteed bathroom remodeling. Bathrooms are all that we do, and we do it well. We offer many years of s...Read more about Re-Bath of Austin
        Porch Pro Headshot SEA Service Company
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        (6)
        We offer a wide range of computer and construction consulting services. We design solutions to specific requirements enabling your company to reach its potential. Whether you're looking for a small tweak, a complete overhaul, or something brand new, we have you covered. Our services are available a ...Read more about SEA Service Company
        We offer a wide range of computer and construction consulting services. We design solutions to specific requirements enabling your company to reach its potential. Whether you're looking for a small tweak, a complete overhaul, or something brand new, we have you covered. Our services are available a ...Read more about SEA Service Company
        Porch Pro Headshot New carpentry Austin
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        (6)
        At New Carpentry we strive to offer the fairest price for your home needs without compromising craftsmanship. Whether you want to add a pergola to your yard, a deck for that summer barbeque, or have small maintenance repairs our friendly team is there to make that idea come to life.
        At New Carpentry we strive to offer the fairest price for your home needs without compromising craftsmanship. Whether you want to add a pergola to your yard, a deck for that summer barbeque, or have small maintenance repairs our friendly team is there to make that idea come to life.
        Porch Pro Headshot Classic Plumbing
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        Classic Plumbing was founded in 1999 with the mission of providing exceptional service and quality craftsmanship. With over 30 years of experience serving the Austin area, Classic Plumbing continually strives to offer custom quality workmanship at a reasonable price point. Our friendly and engaging...Read more about Classic Plumbing
        Classic Plumbing was founded in 1999 with the mission of providing exceptional service and quality craftsmanship. With over 30 years of experience serving the Austin area, Classic Plumbing continually strives to offer custom quality workmanship at a reasonable price point. Our friendly and engaging...Read more about Classic Plumbing
        Porch Pro Headshot All State Plumbing
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        Northwest Plumbing Services has over 25 years of experience and is second generation in the plumbing business. Services range from changing a faucet washer to repairing boilers and pump systems. Drain cleaning and camera inspections and more.
        Northwest Plumbing Services has over 25 years of experience and is second generation in the plumbing business. Services range from changing a faucet washer to repairing boilers and pump systems. Drain cleaning and camera inspections and more.
        Porch Pro Headshot Affordable Plus Plumbing Llc
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        (23)
        He was fortunate enough to find a job stocking parts for a plumbing company. After several weeks, the owner's son, Teddy Farinella, who by the way is still in the plumbing business, took him on as his helper running service calls. In the middle of 1968, after months of apprenticing, Richard join...Read more about Affordable Plus Plumbing Llc
        He was fortunate enough to find a job stocking parts for a plumbing company. After several weeks, the owner's son, Teddy Farinella, who by the way is still in the plumbing business, took him on as his helper running service calls. In the middle of 1968, after months of apprenticing, Richard join...Read more about Affordable Plus Plumbing Llc
        Porch Pro Headshot Simple Maintenance Solutions
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        (2)
        "Quick response. Very helpful and knowledgeable. He gave us some great tips to help prevent the same problem from happening again. On time and quick. Straight forward billing no hassle or fuss. All around great experience."
        "Quick response. Very helpful and knowledgeable. He gave us some great tips to help prevent the same problem from happening again. On time and quick. Straight forward billing no hassle or fuss. All around great experience."
        Porch Pro Headshot Dixon Plumbing Llc
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        (18)
        Quality plumbing at affordable price ,fully insured, professional friendly plumbers who do it right the first time, 24 hour emergency service available
        Quality plumbing at affordable price ,fully insured, professional friendly plumbers who do it right the first time, 24 hour emergency service available
        Porch Pro Headshot Santana Plumbing Company Llc
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        (13)
        Santana Plumbing is a family owned and operated Plumbing Company serving Manor, Austin and surrounding areas We got the Best Prices in town and we provide High Quality Plumbing Service 100% costumers satisfaction
        Santana Plumbing is a family owned and operated Plumbing Company serving Manor, Austin and surrounding areas We got the Best Prices in town and we provide High Quality Plumbing Service 100% costumers satisfaction
        Porch Pro Headshot Robbins plumbing
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        From Boston to Austin . We can handle any job from simple service repair to plumbing high rise multi family projects . There is no job that is tool small or big .Our number one attributes are the realistic price that will be charged . We do not take advantage of home owners in time of need . Over 1...Read more about Robbins plumbing
        From Boston to Austin . We can handle any job from simple service repair to plumbing high rise multi family projects . There is no job that is tool small or big .Our number one attributes are the realistic price that will be charged . We do not take advantage of home owners in time of need . Over 1...Read more about Robbins plumbing
        Porch Pro Headshot Azurite Plumbing LLC
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        Commercial & Residential Plumbing Services in Austin, TX, Fully Insured & Licenced. We Get the Work Done Quickly and Affordably With High-Quality Results. Call Us! Superior Customer Service. Free Estimates. Turn Key Pricing.
        Commercial & Residential Plumbing Services in Austin, TX, Fully Insured & Licenced. We Get the Work Done Quickly and Affordably With High-Quality Results. Call Us! Superior Customer Service. Free Estimates. Turn Key Pricing.
        Porch Pro Headshot Precision & Co Contractors LLC>
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        (1)
        Porch Pro Headshot In Tune Services  (Plumbing and Remodel)
        Plumbers
        Serves Manor, Texas
        (1)
        "David Bo just came to diagnose my hot water heater. He diagnosed the problem quick, gave me an instant quote, and proceeded to fix the problem. In about 2hrs, he drained it, replaced both thermostats and elements and tested it. He was professional, easy to talk to, and I would highly recommend him....Read more about In Tune Services (Plumbing and Remodel)
        "David Bo just came to diagnose my hot water heater. He diagnosed the problem quick, gave me an instant quote, and proceeded to fix the problem. In about 2hrs, he drained it, replaced both thermostats and elements and tested it. He was professional, easy to talk to, and I would highly recommend him....Read more about In Tune Services (Plumbing and Remodel)

        Latest projects near Manor

        Recent projects booked on Porch
        Austin 78724
        Gas Leak Detection and Repair
        Start Date
        Within 48 hours
        Leak occurring inside or outside
        Inside
        Leak gas type
        Natural gas
        Shut off gas already
        Yes
        Leak source known
        No
        Leak location
        Laundry or utility room
        Home gas appliances
        need cap off the line
        Leak began
        I'm not sure
        Manor 78653
        Plumbing
        Start Date
        Within 48 hours
        Purpose
        Purchasing property
        Inspection type
        Plumbing
        Property type
        Single family residence
        Property size
        0-1,500 sq ft
        Property age
        0-10 years
        Foundation type
        Slab on ground
        Relationship to property
        Buyer
        Occupied
        Yes
        Utilities turned on
        Yes
        Specific services
        None of the above